Maternal Health Indicators

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Datasets and Definitions \(\rightarrow\) Maternal Health Indicators

We calculate a number of maternal health indicators in the GMatH model, described below. All indicators are reported per year.

Fertility Indicators

Births: Number of live births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Age-standardized fertility rates, calculated among women ages 15-49. \(\text{TFR}=\sum_{a=15}^{49} \frac{\text{births}_a}{\text{women}_a}\)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR): Contraceptive use (any method) among women ages 15-49

Contraceptive Method Mix: Prevalence of use of each contraceptive method among women using any method

Twinning Rate: Number of twins per 1,000 deliveries

Pregnancy Outcomes: Proportion of pregnancies that end in miscarriage, elective abortion, or ectopic pregnancy

Process Indicators

Stillbirth Rate: Number of stillbirths per 1,000 births

Anemia Prevalence: Prevalence of overall, mild, moderate, and severe anemia among pregnant women

Facility Deliveries: Percentage of deliveries which take place in a health facility (non-EmOC, BEmOC, or CEmOC)

Delivery Site: Percentage of deliveries which take place at each delivery site (Home, Home-SBA, non-EmOC, BEmOC, CEmOC)

C-Section Rate: Percentage of deliveries which take place via caesarean section (elective or emergency)

Delivery Mode: Percentage of deliveries which take place via each delivery mode (spontaneous vaginal delivery, assisted vaginal delivery, elective c-section, emergency c-section)

Mortality Indicators

Maternal Deaths: Number of maternal deaths per year. According to the WHO, a maternal death is “the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes”

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR): Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

Pregnancy Mortality Ratio: Number of pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births. Pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the cause of death. Pregnancy-related deaths thus include all maternal deaths, and also deaths from accidental or incidental causes.

Proportional Mortality Ratio: Ratio of maternal deaths to all deaths among women ages 15-49

Maternal Mortality Rate: Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 women ages 15-49

Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death: The probability that a 15-year old female will eventually die from a maternal cause, assuming fertility and mortality risks do not change in the future. Estimated as the sum of age-specific maternal mortality rates from ages 15 to 49

Maternal Deaths by Cause: Number of maternal deaths due to 8 mutually exclusive grouped causes (Abortive, Hypertensive disorders, Hemorrhage, Sepsis and other infections, Obstructed labour, Other direct, Late, Indirect)

Note: For each mortality indicator we report both the estimated total and reported deaths, accounting for underreporting

GMatH (Global Maternal Health) Model - Last updated: 28 November 2022

zward@hsph.harvard.edu